What Do the Latin Verb Tenses Mean

A reader trying to teach himself Latin asked: What I am trying to find are the meanings for all the other tenses [beyond the Present]. I am new at this and I am tying to make it a little easier for me to understand. He had designed a chart for the paradigms and was trying to insert English translations for all the forms. This might be a good exercise for other Latin students. In my explanation below I mostly use the 1st person singular (the I). In English, generally there is a difference between the 1st singular (I) and the 3rd singular (he), as in I love but he loves. Aside from this, it should be a straightforward project. Latin has 6 tenses. PresentImperfectFuturePerfectPluperfectFuture Perfect Here is an example (using the active voice of the 1st conjugation verb amare to love): Present: amo I love, I do love, I am loving Imperfect: amabam I loved, I did love, I was loving, I used to love Future:* amabo I shall love, I am going to love, I am about to love Perfect: amavi I loved, I have loved Pluperfect: amaveram I had loved Future Perfect:* amavero I shall have loved *The shall is a bit old-fashioned -- in the U.S., at least. Here we usually replace shall with will. Latin Tenses - Overview In Latin, there are one present tense, three past tenses, and two future tenses. To understand the differences among the tenses, we need to pay attention to when the action takes place (present), took place (past), or will take place (future). In the present tense, the action is taking place in the present. It is happening now.I am reading. Lego.[Present]In the past tenses, it happened in the past, but it may still be going on or it may be finished.If it is finished, it is referred to as perfect, since perfect completed. You use one of the perfect tenses for such actions. [N.B.: There are 3 perfect tenses. To make matters confusing, one of these tenses is referred to as the perfect. It is the most common of the perfects, but be alert.]For the Perfect - think of the English -ed endingWhat the master ORDERED, you NEGLECTED to follow. erus quod imperavit, neglexisti persequi.For the Pluperfect - think had the -ed endingWe had extended our feet. Protuleramus pedes.An imperfect or incomplete past action is repetitive, ongoing or habitual. It may have finished, but that isnt specified. The imperfect tense is used for such actions.For the Imperfect - think was the -ing endingThe teacher praised the boys. Magister pueros laudab at. Note, this could be a one time occurrence and properly take the perfect tense.In the future tenses, an event has yet to occur. If you want to say something will happen, you use a future tense.For the Future - think will or shall the verbI will depart tomorrow. Cras proficiscar.You also use a future tense if you want to say something will be completed in the future. Since its finished, this also requires a perfect tense. So combining future and perfect, you use the future perfect.For the Future Perfect - think will have or shall have the verb the -ed endingI shall have loved. Amavero.See: Endings and Tenses of Latin Verbs Latin FAQ Index Is Latin easy?What do the Latin tenses mean?Do you have any tips on memorizing endings?Where can I find a Latin translation of...? In Latin, how do you say I used to go? Fearless and determined? Thank you? What is the correct Latin for deus lo vult?What is the plural of virus?

The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act - 2065 Words

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, also known as IDEA was originally created in 1975 to ensure that children with disabilities were given the opportunity to receive a free and adequate education. IDEA has been revised and many times since 1975, the most recent being in 2004. IDEA consists of parts A, B, C, and D. Part A outlines the basic foundation, and defines terms used throughout the act. Part B outlines the responsibilities of schools to educate students aged 3-21. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act does provide funding for schools, as long as they comply with the six main principles of set forth in IDEA. The first principle states that every child is entitled to receive a free and appropriate education,†¦show more content†¦This allows students with disabilities to be in a general education classroom with their non-disabled classmates for various amounts of time, depending on the needs of the individual student. The fifth and sixth principles schools must comply with go together. The fifth states that input from parents and students must be taken into account during the education process. During the education process if a parent feels that their child is not receiving adequate or needed services, they have a right under IDEA to challenge their child s treatment through due process. The six principles that schools must comply with for students with disabilities were created to ensure that students receive an adequate education like their non-disabled classmates receive, and protects them against discrimination at school. IDEA also contains a Part C that is much like Part B, but targets the education of very young children. Part C outlines the responsibilities of identifying and reaching children with disabilities from birth to 2 years old. Parents of children in this age range are entitled to receive identification and services and interventions in a timely and appropriate manner. Parents at this age receive a Individual ized Family Service Plan instead of an IEP for school aged children. Parents are also entitled to take part in creating the ISP and timely resolutions to questions or concerns in their child s evaluation process. IDEA s part D pertains to the national

This is it free essay sample

Her Weakness Every girl wants to find Mr. Right but he usually appears in a girls life when she is independent and with her girlfriends having fun. Love is a feeling most humans crave for. It is natural for someone to want acceptance and comfort from another human being but sometimes love find its own way without any signs and it is a surprise. Being patient is a hard task to do but it will be worth it. Love will find its way and there is never an expiration date on love. Mary Jane, she was 17 years young nd wasnt looking for anyone special. She used to be naive and foolish when she fell for boys in her younger years of growing up. Back when Mary Jane was 13 years old, she was in middle school and had a lot of friends. It was a regular day at school she thought, but oh was she wrong. That day, a new student had transferred to her school and on the first day there he was in her history class, his name was Peter. She was working on her assignment when her teacher interrupted the class and announced, Class, we have a new student whos going to be with us for our 8th rade year! Mary Jane kept looking at Peter he thought he was so handsome. He sat in the back next to where she was sitting. All of a sudden, the teacher said that there is going to be a project due in two days and Peter was assigned to be in Mary Janes group. This is it, she thought. She can finally talk to this mystery guy and get to know him a lot more. So, she asked what his name was and he said, Peter, she said her name was Mary Jane. Slowly but surely they started to hang out at school and outside of school together. She introduced him to her friends and they accepted him Just as much as her. They were becoming so close to each other One day during school he asked Mary Jane if he could talk to her. Peter took her to somewhere quiet and stood in front of her and said, l really like you and I was wondering if you wanted to go out with me Shocked and Joyful as she was she didnt hesitate to exclaim, mies! Mary Jane and Peter were officially a couple. They went out and had their fun, but suddenly she realized that Peter is becoming really important to her nd she began to have mixed feelings for him. Peter was her best friend before everything else and she started worrying that their relationship would ruin their friendship. She didnt want to lose him or Jeopardize their friendship if their relationship ended sour. Mary Jane made her decision and ended it after a couple of weeks Time went by and they were still friends, but very distant after middle school and never really talked much. Mary Jane was currently in 1 lth grade in high school and so was Peter. She was at home in her room listening to music and rowsing on Facebook when surprisingly; Peter messaged her and asked her if she wanted to go to his prom with him. Prom?! Thats crazy she thought, He wanted to go with me? How strange, she thought. She messaged him back, yes. Prom was a month away and Mary Jane and Peter were preparing for the big day. Finally, the day came. Mary Jane left school early to get her hair and makeup done, dress on and ready to pick him up at his house. He came out and ner Jaw dropped, sne thought ne was the most handsome man she ever saw and he admitted that she looked beyond beautiful. They pulled in, got out of the car. Mary Jane was wearing a one strap red gown with black peep toe chunky heels and Peter was wearing a black tuxedo with a red bowtie. Peter grabbed Mary Janes hand and put the corsage he bought around her wrist. The corsage had white roses and babys breath surrounding the delicate flower, it was beautiful. She lifted her hand up to smell the flower, she slowly closed her eyes and opened them and saw him smiling at her. She pinned a red rose on his tuxedo to make everything complete. They walked in together and he introduced her o all of his friends and Mary Jane knew that tonight would be a night to remember. They ate delicious food, drank soda, water, and danced to all different kinds of music together. As all of this was happening, prom king and queen were about to be announced. Peter had run for prom king and Mary Jane whispered in his ear, l hope you win, that would be the craziest thing ever. Of course, Peter had won prom king, He was so popular. Now the prom king and the winning contestant for prom queen had to dance in the middle of the dance floor but Peter refused, got the microphone nd said, The only girl I want to dance with is with my girl, and my queen is over there. Peter pointed to Mary Jane and her face turned as red as a tomato. They had a solo dance while everyone was watching, he put the crown on her head and pulled her body close to his and all you hear is the crowd, Awmnaw. . So much fun took place that night, and it made Mary Jane think twice about her feelings toward Peter. She knew that she still liked Peter and her feelings are true towards him since middle school. He made her feel like his queen that night and the only place she wanted to e is where he was . Eventually, they got much closer than their middle school days together; they are grown up and are perfectly imperfect with each other. Peter and Mary Janes feelings for each other grow each day they get to hang out. He is her spiderman and she is his weakness. Mary Jane wasnt looking for anyone but someone very special was there all along. Time and patience made them reunite once more. Happiness and Mr. Right will find its way; there is never an expiration date on happiness not for Peter and Mary Jane, not for anyone wanting bliss. He was now her weakness, her paradise.

Maslow Hierarchy Theory Of Motivation - Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Maslow Hierarchy Theory of Motivation. Answer: Preface Maslow hierarchy theory of motivation is the research thought of Abraham Harold Maslow. He was an American psychologist and his all research work stressed to focus on positive qualities of people and not on the negatives. Maslow always questioned himself to understand human nature and know what the driving forces that motivates the people most in their lives. Abraham Maslow being an expert in the subject matter of psychology paid close attention to the human behavior in different situations and on various parameters when needs few or all gets fulfilled or remain narrowed away. Positive outcomes and thoughts were always successful in creating healthy environment and motivates people to bring best of them. (Keith, 1973) Maslow always have positive belief that people always have ability to achieve their desired goals. He did not denied that situations in ones life are always powerful to shift focus from good to bad and vice-versa. Maslow theory of motivation helped in understanding human behavior and reactions and thus, action plans were easy to take care of their desires. (Andrew, 1991) Maslow Hierarchy Theory of Motivation Maslow hierarchy theory of motivation is about five needs of human. This theory believes that a need that is not satisfied dominates the behavior of an individual. Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory have five important needs that are structured in the level of their importance. 1-Physiological needs. 2-Security/Safety needs 3-Social needs 4- Self-Esteem needs 5-Self-Actualization needs Physiological needs- These needs are basic and their fulfillment provides satisfaction and leads to continuity of life. Such basic needs are desire to have food when hungry, drink water when thirsty or sleep when tired .So these needs can also be called as priority needs. Such need are must to be fulfilled in order of the survival of the human race. (Joshi, 2011) Security needs- Once physiological needs are met, next in queue are safety or security needs. The need to make future secure, need of the family, health, property form the security needs. Job security is on important as it brings monetary benefits for the present and also for future such as provident funds, pension, and gratuity and so on. (Keith, 1973) Social needs- The need of belongings is one of the greatest needs of the human beings. We live in social environment and acceptance by social group or individuals is desired .Human beings strives for stronger relations such as friendship, family when they become socially stable. (Andrew, 1991) Esteem needs- It is more important for human that others should realize his worth. The need of confidence, achievement, and respect of others are self-esteem needs. It is also the need for status and power. Self-Actualization needs- As per Maslow what a man can be should be. A self-actualized person have confidence to trust his instincts and is unmindful of the physical surroundings. Such needs brings best in the people. Maslow hierarchy theory of motivation is detailed concept and need well illustrated examples are required to understand the theory. We will take each of the motivational needs one at a time. It is crucially important to understand the pyramid of hierarchy and know on what basis Abraham Maslow defined the needs and did the grading of the motivational needs. The basic genre is that need which motivates the most stands at the higher rank in Maslow theory but again basic needs holds importance as it is the need of survival. (Griffin) Maslow theory of motivation is applied with assumptions such as human character is positive and goodness or frustration existence is natural phenomenon. Maslow theory believed that human brains are pretty complex and there runs parallel processes at a time and therefore there are chances of being motivated by various levels of motivation as defined in Maslows theory of motivation. Maslow stated that a certain need "dominates" the human organism .Thus Maslow acknowledged the likelihood that the different levels of motivation could occur at any time in the human mind, but he focused on identifying the basic types of motivation and the order in which they should be met. (Joshi, 2011) Physiological needs: Maslow theory stated that physiological needs are actually dimensions of money motives. Human beings are motivated to earn more and more to take care of their hunger, sleep, thirst and these needs get multiplied when a person moves from living alone to being a family man. We can understand it well that money is the best source to fulfill some of physiological needs. When such needs does not get fulfilled, it is not possible for human system to operate and it may fail. Here failure is the end of the human phase. For example, even if all physiological needs of human are getting fulfilled except food/diet, the lack of discontented need will overshadow the other needs and survival will be in danger. In a nutshell, lower needs take priority until met and also a need fulfilled no longer motivates. (Andrew, 1991) Safety needs: As per Maslow, safety or security needs functions mainly on the psychological level of human beings. Life always does not co-operate to fulfill human needs and there are repercussions for the same. Now security needs doesnt always count for being physically safe and secure but there can be financial safety, well-being of oneself and family or personal safety against the acts of accidents and so on. Social needs: Maslow theory of motivation states that social needs come into picture after physiological needs and security needs are fulfilled. It is the need of love and belongingness. Maslow did not deny from a fact and opened it as-when a need is fulfilled for a longer time, it tends to practically become vague. There could also be situations where the social need of motivation crisscross their self-esteem. In such situations, human being expect to be respected first and then loved. (Keith, 1973) Esteem needs: When the point of discussion is esteem needs, Maslow theory of motivation have defined it in a very technically and emotionally pattern. Esteem need is the combination of self-esteem and self-respect. Its meaning in a nutshell is to be accepted by others and also valued. By valued, it means people to understand your worth. (Griffin) Self-Actualization needs- It seems to be ultimate goal of achievement. Self-actualization refers to believing in oneself and making efforts with all your potential to become what one can be. There can be anything a person can be dedicated to such as efforts to be a good father, desire to be renowned artist or singer or athlete. Criticism of Maslow theory of motivation-Researchers have supported the concepts of the theory but not the order of the need presented in the theory. It was also said that though Maslow observed and highlighted the human needs but did not provided concrete guidance on how should managers take care of employee needs and cater them as per bandwidth of the organization. There could be ups and downs in order the needs get fulfilled and a harsh fact cannot be denied that all needs cannot be fulfilled always. References: Griffin, E., A First Look at Communication Theory Joshi, V. 2011, Leadership and Personality Development,Symbiosis centre for distance learning,Pune Wikipedia, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Andrew Neher, Maslows Theory of Motivation: A Critique, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol. 31, No. 3, 1991, pp. 89-112. Keith Miller, The Becomers, Word, Waco, Tex., 1973, pp. 89- 109.