What Do the Latin Verb Tenses Mean

A reader trying to teach himself Latin asked: What I am trying to find are the meanings for all the other tenses [beyond the Present]. I am new at this and I am tying to make it a little easier for me to understand. He had designed a chart for the paradigms and was trying to insert English translations for all the forms. This might be a good exercise for other Latin students. In my explanation below I mostly use the 1st person singular (the I). In English, generally there is a difference between the 1st singular (I) and the 3rd singular (he), as in I love but he loves. Aside from this, it should be a straightforward project. Latin has 6 tenses. PresentImperfectFuturePerfectPluperfectFuture Perfect Here is an example (using the active voice of the 1st conjugation verb amare to love): Present: amo I love, I do love, I am loving Imperfect: amabam I loved, I did love, I was loving, I used to love Future:* amabo I shall love, I am going to love, I am about to love Perfect: amavi I loved, I have loved Pluperfect: amaveram I had loved Future Perfect:* amavero I shall have loved *The shall is a bit old-fashioned -- in the U.S., at least. Here we usually replace shall with will. Latin Tenses - Overview In Latin, there are one present tense, three past tenses, and two future tenses. To understand the differences among the tenses, we need to pay attention to when the action takes place (present), took place (past), or will take place (future). In the present tense, the action is taking place in the present. It is happening now.I am reading. Lego.[Present]In the past tenses, it happened in the past, but it may still be going on or it may be finished.If it is finished, it is referred to as perfect, since perfect completed. You use one of the perfect tenses for such actions. [N.B.: There are 3 perfect tenses. To make matters confusing, one of these tenses is referred to as the perfect. It is the most common of the perfects, but be alert.]For the Perfect - think of the English -ed endingWhat the master ORDERED, you NEGLECTED to follow. erus quod imperavit, neglexisti persequi.For the Pluperfect - think had the -ed endingWe had extended our feet. Protuleramus pedes.An imperfect or incomplete past action is repetitive, ongoing or habitual. It may have finished, but that isnt specified. The imperfect tense is used for such actions.For the Imperfect - think was the -ing endingThe teacher praised the boys. Magister pueros laudab at. Note, this could be a one time occurrence and properly take the perfect tense.In the future tenses, an event has yet to occur. If you want to say something will happen, you use a future tense.For the Future - think will or shall the verbI will depart tomorrow. Cras proficiscar.You also use a future tense if you want to say something will be completed in the future. Since its finished, this also requires a perfect tense. So combining future and perfect, you use the future perfect.For the Future Perfect - think will have or shall have the verb the -ed endingI shall have loved. Amavero.See: Endings and Tenses of Latin Verbs Latin FAQ Index Is Latin easy?What do the Latin tenses mean?Do you have any tips on memorizing endings?Where can I find a Latin translation of...? In Latin, how do you say I used to go? Fearless and determined? Thank you? What is the correct Latin for deus lo vult?What is the plural of virus?

The Individuals With Disabilities Education Act - 2065 Words

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, also known as IDEA was originally created in 1975 to ensure that children with disabilities were given the opportunity to receive a free and adequate education. IDEA has been revised and many times since 1975, the most recent being in 2004. IDEA consists of parts A, B, C, and D. Part A outlines the basic foundation, and defines terms used throughout the act. Part B outlines the responsibilities of schools to educate students aged 3-21. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act does provide funding for schools, as long as they comply with the six main principles of set forth in IDEA. The first principle states that every child is entitled to receive a free and appropriate education,†¦show more content†¦This allows students with disabilities to be in a general education classroom with their non-disabled classmates for various amounts of time, depending on the needs of the individual student. The fifth and sixth principles schools must comply with go together. The fifth states that input from parents and students must be taken into account during the education process. During the education process if a parent feels that their child is not receiving adequate or needed services, they have a right under IDEA to challenge their child s treatment through due process. The six principles that schools must comply with for students with disabilities were created to ensure that students receive an adequate education like their non-disabled classmates receive, and protects them against discrimination at school. IDEA also contains a Part C that is much like Part B, but targets the education of very young children. Part C outlines the responsibilities of identifying and reaching children with disabilities from birth to 2 years old. Parents of children in this age range are entitled to receive identification and services and interventions in a timely and appropriate manner. Parents at this age receive a Individual ized Family Service Plan instead of an IEP for school aged children. Parents are also entitled to take part in creating the ISP and timely resolutions to questions or concerns in their child s evaluation process. IDEA s part D pertains to the national

This is it free essay sample

Her Weakness Every girl wants to find Mr. Right but he usually appears in a girls life when she is independent and with her girlfriends having fun. Love is a feeling most humans crave for. It is natural for someone to want acceptance and comfort from another human being but sometimes love find its own way without any signs and it is a surprise. Being patient is a hard task to do but it will be worth it. Love will find its way and there is never an expiration date on love. Mary Jane, she was 17 years young nd wasnt looking for anyone special. She used to be naive and foolish when she fell for boys in her younger years of growing up. Back when Mary Jane was 13 years old, she was in middle school and had a lot of friends. It was a regular day at school she thought, but oh was she wrong. That day, a new student had transferred to her school and on the first day there he was in her history class, his name was Peter. She was working on her assignment when her teacher interrupted the class and announced, Class, we have a new student whos going to be with us for our 8th rade year! Mary Jane kept looking at Peter he thought he was so handsome. He sat in the back next to where she was sitting. All of a sudden, the teacher said that there is going to be a project due in two days and Peter was assigned to be in Mary Janes group. This is it, she thought. She can finally talk to this mystery guy and get to know him a lot more. So, she asked what his name was and he said, Peter, she said her name was Mary Jane. Slowly but surely they started to hang out at school and outside of school together. She introduced him to her friends and they accepted him Just as much as her. They were becoming so close to each other One day during school he asked Mary Jane if he could talk to her. Peter took her to somewhere quiet and stood in front of her and said, l really like you and I was wondering if you wanted to go out with me Shocked and Joyful as she was she didnt hesitate to exclaim, mies! Mary Jane and Peter were officially a couple. They went out and had their fun, but suddenly she realized that Peter is becoming really important to her nd she began to have mixed feelings for him. Peter was her best friend before everything else and she started worrying that their relationship would ruin their friendship. She didnt want to lose him or Jeopardize their friendship if their relationship ended sour. Mary Jane made her decision and ended it after a couple of weeks Time went by and they were still friends, but very distant after middle school and never really talked much. Mary Jane was currently in 1 lth grade in high school and so was Peter. She was at home in her room listening to music and rowsing on Facebook when surprisingly; Peter messaged her and asked her if she wanted to go to his prom with him. Prom?! Thats crazy she thought, He wanted to go with me? How strange, she thought. She messaged him back, yes. Prom was a month away and Mary Jane and Peter were preparing for the big day. Finally, the day came. Mary Jane left school early to get her hair and makeup done, dress on and ready to pick him up at his house. He came out and ner Jaw dropped, sne thought ne was the most handsome man she ever saw and he admitted that she looked beyond beautiful. They pulled in, got out of the car. Mary Jane was wearing a one strap red gown with black peep toe chunky heels and Peter was wearing a black tuxedo with a red bowtie. Peter grabbed Mary Janes hand and put the corsage he bought around her wrist. The corsage had white roses and babys breath surrounding the delicate flower, it was beautiful. She lifted her hand up to smell the flower, she slowly closed her eyes and opened them and saw him smiling at her. She pinned a red rose on his tuxedo to make everything complete. They walked in together and he introduced her o all of his friends and Mary Jane knew that tonight would be a night to remember. They ate delicious food, drank soda, water, and danced to all different kinds of music together. As all of this was happening, prom king and queen were about to be announced. Peter had run for prom king and Mary Jane whispered in his ear, l hope you win, that would be the craziest thing ever. Of course, Peter had won prom king, He was so popular. Now the prom king and the winning contestant for prom queen had to dance in the middle of the dance floor but Peter refused, got the microphone nd said, The only girl I want to dance with is with my girl, and my queen is over there. Peter pointed to Mary Jane and her face turned as red as a tomato. They had a solo dance while everyone was watching, he put the crown on her head and pulled her body close to his and all you hear is the crowd, Awmnaw. . So much fun took place that night, and it made Mary Jane think twice about her feelings toward Peter. She knew that she still liked Peter and her feelings are true towards him since middle school. He made her feel like his queen that night and the only place she wanted to e is where he was . Eventually, they got much closer than their middle school days together; they are grown up and are perfectly imperfect with each other. Peter and Mary Janes feelings for each other grow each day they get to hang out. He is her spiderman and she is his weakness. Mary Jane wasnt looking for anyone but someone very special was there all along. Time and patience made them reunite once more. Happiness and Mr. Right will find its way; there is never an expiration date on happiness not for Peter and Mary Jane, not for anyone wanting bliss. He was now her weakness, her paradise.

Maslow Hierarchy Theory Of Motivation - Free Sample

Question: Describe about the Maslow Hierarchy Theory of Motivation. Answer: Preface Maslow hierarchy theory of motivation is the research thought of Abraham Harold Maslow. He was an American psychologist and his all research work stressed to focus on positive qualities of people and not on the negatives. Maslow always questioned himself to understand human nature and know what the driving forces that motivates the people most in their lives. Abraham Maslow being an expert in the subject matter of psychology paid close attention to the human behavior in different situations and on various parameters when needs few or all gets fulfilled or remain narrowed away. Positive outcomes and thoughts were always successful in creating healthy environment and motivates people to bring best of them. (Keith, 1973) Maslow always have positive belief that people always have ability to achieve their desired goals. He did not denied that situations in ones life are always powerful to shift focus from good to bad and vice-versa. Maslow theory of motivation helped in understanding human behavior and reactions and thus, action plans were easy to take care of their desires. (Andrew, 1991) Maslow Hierarchy Theory of Motivation Maslow hierarchy theory of motivation is about five needs of human. This theory believes that a need that is not satisfied dominates the behavior of an individual. Maslow Need Hierarchy Theory have five important needs that are structured in the level of their importance. 1-Physiological needs. 2-Security/Safety needs 3-Social needs 4- Self-Esteem needs 5-Self-Actualization needs Physiological needs- These needs are basic and their fulfillment provides satisfaction and leads to continuity of life. Such basic needs are desire to have food when hungry, drink water when thirsty or sleep when tired .So these needs can also be called as priority needs. Such need are must to be fulfilled in order of the survival of the human race. (Joshi, 2011) Security needs- Once physiological needs are met, next in queue are safety or security needs. The need to make future secure, need of the family, health, property form the security needs. Job security is on important as it brings monetary benefits for the present and also for future such as provident funds, pension, and gratuity and so on. (Keith, 1973) Social needs- The need of belongings is one of the greatest needs of the human beings. We live in social environment and acceptance by social group or individuals is desired .Human beings strives for stronger relations such as friendship, family when they become socially stable. (Andrew, 1991) Esteem needs- It is more important for human that others should realize his worth. The need of confidence, achievement, and respect of others are self-esteem needs. It is also the need for status and power. Self-Actualization needs- As per Maslow what a man can be should be. A self-actualized person have confidence to trust his instincts and is unmindful of the physical surroundings. Such needs brings best in the people. Maslow hierarchy theory of motivation is detailed concept and need well illustrated examples are required to understand the theory. We will take each of the motivational needs one at a time. It is crucially important to understand the pyramid of hierarchy and know on what basis Abraham Maslow defined the needs and did the grading of the motivational needs. The basic genre is that need which motivates the most stands at the higher rank in Maslow theory but again basic needs holds importance as it is the need of survival. (Griffin) Maslow theory of motivation is applied with assumptions such as human character is positive and goodness or frustration existence is natural phenomenon. Maslow theory believed that human brains are pretty complex and there runs parallel processes at a time and therefore there are chances of being motivated by various levels of motivation as defined in Maslows theory of motivation. Maslow stated that a certain need "dominates" the human organism .Thus Maslow acknowledged the likelihood that the different levels of motivation could occur at any time in the human mind, but he focused on identifying the basic types of motivation and the order in which they should be met. (Joshi, 2011) Physiological needs: Maslow theory stated that physiological needs are actually dimensions of money motives. Human beings are motivated to earn more and more to take care of their hunger, sleep, thirst and these needs get multiplied when a person moves from living alone to being a family man. We can understand it well that money is the best source to fulfill some of physiological needs. When such needs does not get fulfilled, it is not possible for human system to operate and it may fail. Here failure is the end of the human phase. For example, even if all physiological needs of human are getting fulfilled except food/diet, the lack of discontented need will overshadow the other needs and survival will be in danger. In a nutshell, lower needs take priority until met and also a need fulfilled no longer motivates. (Andrew, 1991) Safety needs: As per Maslow, safety or security needs functions mainly on the psychological level of human beings. Life always does not co-operate to fulfill human needs and there are repercussions for the same. Now security needs doesnt always count for being physically safe and secure but there can be financial safety, well-being of oneself and family or personal safety against the acts of accidents and so on. Social needs: Maslow theory of motivation states that social needs come into picture after physiological needs and security needs are fulfilled. It is the need of love and belongingness. Maslow did not deny from a fact and opened it as-when a need is fulfilled for a longer time, it tends to practically become vague. There could also be situations where the social need of motivation crisscross their self-esteem. In such situations, human being expect to be respected first and then loved. (Keith, 1973) Esteem needs: When the point of discussion is esteem needs, Maslow theory of motivation have defined it in a very technically and emotionally pattern. Esteem need is the combination of self-esteem and self-respect. Its meaning in a nutshell is to be accepted by others and also valued. By valued, it means people to understand your worth. (Griffin) Self-Actualization needs- It seems to be ultimate goal of achievement. Self-actualization refers to believing in oneself and making efforts with all your potential to become what one can be. There can be anything a person can be dedicated to such as efforts to be a good father, desire to be renowned artist or singer or athlete. Criticism of Maslow theory of motivation-Researchers have supported the concepts of the theory but not the order of the need presented in the theory. It was also said that though Maslow observed and highlighted the human needs but did not provided concrete guidance on how should managers take care of employee needs and cater them as per bandwidth of the organization. There could be ups and downs in order the needs get fulfilled and a harsh fact cannot be denied that all needs cannot be fulfilled always. References: Griffin, E., A First Look at Communication Theory Joshi, V. 2011, Leadership and Personality Development,Symbiosis centre for distance learning,Pune Wikipedia, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Andrew Neher, Maslows Theory of Motivation: A Critique, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, Vol. 31, No. 3, 1991, pp. 89-112. Keith Miller, The Becomers, Word, Waco, Tex., 1973, pp. 89- 109.

Tesla Case free essay sample

Sociocultural factors:  · The trend today between people and in the U. S. environment is buying such types of cars. Technology factors:  · Technology is highly used and thus ready to assist in the availability of these cars. Ecological factors:  · The cars that are produced by tesla are environmentally friendly. Legal factors:  · The regulations in the U. S. help the growth of such a business. 2. For the Tesla Company, in order to analyze the industry’s environment, one has to cover each aspect of the Porter’s 5 forces. First force is the competitive rivalry which is considered very high in this industry. All companies are searching for the new market in the car industry which is the electric line. The industry is limited to specific players which make it saturated as every player has huge resources, reputation, image†¦ Thus it is an oligopoly as there are 3 big US companies, along with the German, Japanese, Korean, and Chinese car companies. We will write a custom essay sample on Tesla Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Second force is the threat from new entrants which is low. The barriers to entry are high due to the high capital requirement to manufacturing cars. Also such an industry need brand equity and image along with needing a wide distribution channel. Also one needs the technological know-how which is gained through time and investing highly in human capital. Nevertheless it is highly difficult to exit such an industry after investing in it. Third force is the bargaining power of suppliers which is considerably moderate. Tesla is an important company for some of the suppliers as it is considered a significant customer to them and they have a long term contracts to defend itself so there bargaining power is low. But at the same time for other suppliers, Tesla has specific needs and not everyone can supply them so their bargaining power is high. Thus as a whole it is moderate. Forth aspect is the bargaining power of buyers which is also moderate. In this industry there are two types of buyers dealers and individuals. Dealers have long term contracts with the company and they usually order in large quantities which make their bargaining power high. However for the individuals their bargaining power is low as their order is minimal. Thus as a whole it is moderate. Finally the fifth factor is threat of substitutes which is also moderate. It depends on the market if it is used to using other ways of transportation like walking or public transportation. But for using normal fuel cars there is a strong infrastructure which isn’t present yet for electric cars making it easier to substitute to fuel cars. However the market is searching for fuel efficient cars or other kinds of energy cars especially with the increase in fuel prices causing higher demand to electric cars. Thus as a conclusion as Tesla can’t lower the cost of production so can’t lower the prices making them unable to compete on prices, Tesla should differentiate themselves in terms of quality and design to target higher end customers. 3. Using VRIO analysis: Valuable: Tesla motors is an American company that designs and sells electric based cars. In December 2006, Tesla motors was announced as the best invention of the year in the transportation category, however, the electric car technology is still not proven and it lacks high-performance batteries as well as some major safety issues then after some challenges the company has faced, it has improved electric power-train performance and lowered the production cost in 2009. Rarity: Tesla Motors is known to have a differentiated product over other firms in the sense that it sells electric based cars. It is the only successfully running electric sports cars in the U. S. At the beginning sales were not enough to sustain the business but tesla motors proved it self after introducing the new model, Tesla Roadster 2. There is only few car manufacturing companies trying to enter this industry which makes Tesla Motors have a competitive advantage. Imitability: This new invention needs a huge amount of capital to invest in. Tesla motors took a huge risk by investing in a new and differentiated product because this business might fail at one point or another. Organization: Tesla motors has got very good resources and technology however, it was bleeding money. As well as it lacks the good culture and trustworthiness of an organization for example when Martin Eberhard, one of the founders of Tesla Motors had led the investors to believe that the cost of the roadster was $65,000 whereas it turned out to be $92,000 sticker price. Through VRIO analysis, Tesla Motors is found to be a valuable and rare company. Of course it is very hard to imitate considering the amount of capital that should be invested, as well as the huge risks taken. However, we found out that Tesla motors has few emerging competitors into this industry. We can conclude that if Tesla Motors puts extra efforts onto making its organization a better one and invest its time researching in order to overtake other car manufacturers whom are trying to invest in this new technology, then Tesla can maintain its current competitive advantage in the long run.

Latin American City Structure Model

Latin American City Structure Model In 1980, geographers Ernest Griffin and Larry Ford developed a generalized model to describe the structure of cities in Latin America after concluding that the organization of many cities in that region grew following certain patterns. Their general model (diagrammed here) claims that Latin American cities are built up around a core central business district (CBD). Out of that district comes a commercial spine that is surrounded by elite housing. These areas are then surrounded by three concentric zones of housing that decrease in quality as one moves away from the CBD. Background and Development of Latin American City Structure As many Latin American Cities began to grow and develop during colonial times, their organization was mandated by a set of laws called the Laws of the Indies. These were a set of laws issued by Spain to regulate the social, political, and economic structure of its colonies outside of Europe. These laws mandated everything from treatment of the Indians to the width of the streets. In terms of city structure, the Laws of the Indies required that colonial cities have a grid pattern built around a central plaza. Blocks near the plaza were for residential development for the citys elite. The streets and development farther from the central plaza were then developed for those with less social and economic status. As these cities later began to grow and the Laws of the Indies no longer applied, this grid pattern worked only in areas with slow development and minimal industrialization. In faster growing cities this central area became built up as a central business district (CBD). These areas were the economic and administrative cores of the cities but they did not expand much prior to the 1930s. In the mid- to late 20th century the CBD began to further expand and the organization of the colonial cities of Latin America was mostly demolished and the stable central plaza became the node for the evolution of an Anglo-American styled CBD. As the cities continued to grow, various industrial activities built up around the CBD because of a lack of infrastructure father away. This resulted in a mix of business, industry, and homes for the wealthy near the CBD. Around this same time, Latin American cities also experienced in-migration from the countryside and high birth rates as the poor tried to move closer to cities for work. This resulted in the development of squatter settlements on the edge of many cities. Because these were are on the periphery of the cities they were also the least developed. Over time, however, these neighborhoods became more stable and gradually obtained more infrastructure. Model of Latin American City Structure In looking at these developmental patterns of Latin American cities, Griffin and Ford developed a model to describe their structure that can be applied to almost all major cities in Latin America. This model shows that most cities have a central business district, one dominant elite residential sector, and a commercial spine. These areas are then surrounded by a series of concentric zones that decrease in residential quality farther from the CBD. Central Business District The center of all Latin American cities is the central business district. These areas are home to the best employment opportunities and they are the commercial and entertainment hubs for the city. They are also very well developed in terms of infrastructure and most have many modes of public transportation so that people can easily get into and out of them. Spine and Elite Residential Sector After the CBD the next most dominant part of Latin American cities is the commercial spine that is surrounded by residential developments for the most elite and wealthy people in the city. The spine itself is considered an extension of the CBD and it is home to many commercial and industrial applications. The elite residential sector is where nearly all of the citys professionally built houses are and the upper class and upper middle class live in these regions. In many cases, these areas also have large tree-lined boulevards, golf courses, museums, restaurants, parks, theaters, and zoos. Land use planning and zoning are also very strict in these areas. Zone of Maturity The zone of maturity is located around the CBD and is considered an inner city location. These areas have better-constructed homes and in many cities, these areas have middle-income residents who filtered in after the upper class residents moved out of the inner city and into the elite residential sector. These areas have a fully developed infrastructure. Zone of in Situ Accretion The zone of in situ accretion is a transitional area for Latin American cities that is between the zone of maturity and the zone of peripheral squatter settlements. The homes are of modest qualities that vary widely in size, type, and quality of materials. These areas look like they are in a constant state of on-going construction and homes are unfinished. Infrastructure such as roads and electricity is only completed in some areas. Zone of Peripheral Squatter Settlements The zone of peripheral squatter settlements is located on the edge of Latin American cities and it is where the poorest people in the cities live. These areas have virtually no infrastructure and many homes are built by their residents using whatever materials they can find. Older peripheral squatter settlements are better developed as residents often continually work to improve the areas, while newer settlements are just starting. Age Differences in Latin American City Structure Like the age differences present in the zone of peripheral squatter settlements age differences are important in the overall structure of Latin American cities as well. In older cities with slow population growth, the zone of maturity is often larger and the cities appear more organized than younger cities with very fast population growth. As a result, the size of each zone is a function of the age of the city and of the rate of population growth in relation to the economic capacity of the city to absorb effectively additional residents and to extend public services. Revised Model of Latin American City Structure In 1996 Larry Ford presented a revised model of Latin American city structure after further development in the cities made them more complicated than the 1980 general model showed. His revised model (diagrammed here) incorporated six changes to the original zones. The changes are as follows: 1) The new central city should be divided into a CBD and a Market. This change shows that many cities now have offices, hotels, and retail structures in their downtowns as well as their original CBDs. 2) The spine and elite residential sector now have a mall or edge city at the end to provide goods and services to those in the elite residential sector. 3) Many Latin American cities now have separate industrial sectors and industrial parks that are outside of the CBD. 4) Malls, edge cities, and industrial parks are connected in many Latin American cities by a periferico or ring highway so that residents and workers can travel between them easier. 5) Many Latin American cities now have middle class housing tracts that are located close to the elite housing sector and the periferico. 6) Some Latin American cities are also undergoing gentrification to protect historical landscapes. These areas are often located in the zone of maturity near the CBD and the elite sector. This revised model of Latin American city structure still takes into account the original model but it allows for new the development and changes that constantly occur in the rapidly growing Latin American region. Resources and Further Reading Ford, Larry R. A New and Improved Model of Latin American City Structure. Geographical Review, vol. 86, no.3, 1996.Griffin, Ernest and Ford, Larry. A Model of Latin American City Structure. Geographical Review, vol. 70, no. 4, 1980.

Genetic Modification a Hybrid DNA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Genetic Modification a Hybrid DNA - Essay Example In case of genetic modification, a hybrid DNA is produced by combining DNA from different organisms. These organisms could be far apart in nature – like producing an organism by combining DNA of dog and cat. In case of non-genetically modified organism natural crossing is done between two different breeds of the same species to produce the combination of the better of the two. This is rather a natural evolutionary process, while the genetic engineering is a completely artificial synthesis of DNA in a test tube. 2. This is possible but this will require the techniques of genetic engineering. To differentiate critically, one requires identifying genes of both the plants. In case of genetically modified plants there will be genes of genes of some other type of plants, while in case of plants modified by molecular genetics, all the genes will be from the same plant. 3. Some relevant examples are - food poisoning, dysentery, nausea or vomiting, obesity, lack of micronutrients, excessive intake of different constituents like iron, allergy, retarded growth etc. All of this can be caused by genetically modified food. But, here I must add a word of caution, all of these can be caused by conventional food as well. The problem is not with the conventional or genetically modified food but is with unsafe food. The only thing that goes in favor of conventional food here is that these are tested and tried since time immemorable, while genetically modified foods are recent phenomena and therefore, some lack of trust is but natural. 4. To answer this we need to go to the basics. For any organism its characteristic is coded in its DNA – be its nutritional composition, shelf life, yield, disease resistance. In case the DNA is suitably modified, these characteristics can be modified. For example, extract a gene resp, possibly for higher yield from a plant and put this into a low yield crop.